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Hormozgan province

Coordinates: 27°06′N 56°00′E / 27.100°N 56.000°E / 27.100; 56.000
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Hormozgan province
Persian: استان هرمزگان
Province
Map of Iran with Hormozgan province highlighted
Map of Iran with Hormozgan province highlighted
Coordinates: 27°06′N 56°00′E / 27.100°N 56.000°E / 27.100; 56.000[1]
CountryIran
RegionRegion 2
CapitalBandar Abbas
Counties13
Government
 • Governor-generalMahdi Dousti
Area
 • Total
70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
1,776,415
 • Density25/km2 (65/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
ISO 3166 codeIR-22
Main language(s)Mostly Southwestern Iranian varieties like Garmsiri, a minority speaks Balochi and Gulf Arabic [1]
HDI (2017)0.768[3]
high · 25th
Bandar Abbas International Airport
Kish International Airport

Hormozgan province (Persian: استان هرمزگان)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar Abbas.[4]

The province is in the south of the country, in Iran's Region 2.[5] facing Oman, the United Arab Emirates and the Hormuz Straits. Its area is 70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi),[6] The province has 14 islands in the Persian Gulf and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.

History

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Although Hormozgan is known to have been settled during the Achaemenid era when Nearchus passed through the region, recorded history of the main port of Hormozgan (Bandar‑e Hormoz) begins with Ardashir I of Persia of the Sassanid empire.

The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but grew even further in trade and commercial significance with the beginning of the Islamic era.

Marco Polo visited the port of Bandar Abbas in 1272 and 1293. He reported widespread trading in Persian jewelry, ivory and silk of Indochina, and pearls from Bahrain in the bazaars of the port of Hormuz.

In 1497 Europeans landed in the region for the first time, headed by Vasco da Gama. In 1508 the Portuguese, led by Afonso de Albuquerque invaded the area with seven warships, under the pretext of protecting their interests from Egypt and Venice. The port of Hormuz at the time was considered strategically positioned for commercial interests in the Persian Gulf.

Ismail I who was trying to counter the Ottoman Empire to the west, was unable to save the port from the Portuguese, until Shah Abbas I was finally able to drive them out of the Persian Gulf with the aid of the British. The name of Bandar Abbas comes directly from the name of Shah Abbas I.

The British, meanwhile, were competing for influence in the region with Dutch colonialists, who invaded Qeshm Island and dispatched warships to Bandar Abbas during the final years of Shah Abbas' reign. The Persian government was unable to defend itself against this attack. However, with the souring of British and Dutch relations, military tensions grew in the region. The Dutch finally resorted to moving their base up to Kharg Island.

The Amir of Kharg, Mir Mahna Baloch and Mir Hammal Kalmati with Baloch army defeated the Europeans from Bander Abbas till Karachi, so with the Dutch and other forces at Kharg, the British were firmly in charge of the entire region. Soon Britain took control over the entire Persian Gulf via the British East India Company. The British adopted policy encouraging local autonomy throughout the Persian Gulf to in order to prevent a formidable unified force from threatening their establishments in the gulf.

The strategic importance of the Persian Gulf further increased after World War I with the discovery of oil in the region.

Demographics

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Languages

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Hormozgan is dominated by a variety of Persian language. Northwest Iranian Balochi is present as well. Arabic, a Semetic language, and Kholosi, an Indic language, are also found among a minority of speakers within the province.

Hormozgan Linguistic Composition[7]
language percent
Bandari Persian
 
 59.25%
New Persian
 
 12.26%
Larestani Persian
 
 8.72%
Balochi
 
 7.31%
Arabic
 
 2.00%
Bashkardi Persian
 
 1.63%
Fars Group (Persian)
 
 1.55%
Other, Unknown, mixed
 
 7.27%

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,365,377 people in 303,323 households.[8] There were 1,578,183 inhabitants in 396,927 households at the following census of 2011.[9] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,776,415 in 493,660 households.[2]

Administrative divisions

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The population history and structural changes of Hormozgan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Hormozgan province
Counties 2006[8] 2011[9] 2016[2]
Abumusa 1,860 5,263 7,402
Bandar Abbas 498,644 588,288 680,366
Bandar Lengeh 113,625 134,713 159,358
Bashagard[b] — 40,007 35,085
Bastak 65,716 80,119 80,492
Hajjiabad 62,442 65,889 69,625
Jask 75,769 52,882 58,884
Khamir 47,545 52,968 56,148
Minab 254,304 235,705 259,221
Parsian 37,369 42,843 50,596
Qeshm 103,881 117,774 148,993
Rudan 104,222 118,547 124,522
Sirik[c] — 43,185 45,723
Total 1,365,377 1,578,183 1,776,415

Cities

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According to the 2016 census, 976,652 people (nearly 55% of the population of Hormozgan province) live in the following cities:[2]

City Population
Abu Musa 4,213
Bandar Abbas 526,648
Bandar Charak 4,066
Bandar Khamir 20,150
Bandar Lengeh 30,435
Bastak 9,959
Bika 7,190
Dargahan 14,525
Dashti 4,695
Fareghan 1,773
Fin 3,939
Garuk 4,008
Gowharan 1,170
Hajjiabad 28,977
Hasht Bandi 6,718
Hormuz 5,891
Jask 16,860
Jenah 6,910
Kish 39,853
Kong 19,213
Kuhestak 3,060
Kushk-e Nar 3,260
Lamazan 2,745
Minab 73,170
Parsian 18,045
Qaleh Qazi 5,286
Qeshm 40,678
Rudan 36,121
Ruydar 6,558
Sardasht 1,725
Sar-e Gaz-e Ahmadi 1,157
Senderk 1,915
Sirik 5,137
Suza 5,707
Takht 3,082
Tazian-e Pain 4,263
Tirur 4,871
Ziarat-e Ali 2,679

Most populous cities

[edit]

The following table lists the most populous cities in Hormozgan:[2]

Rank City County Population
1 Bandar Abbas Bandar Abbas 526,648
2 Minab Minab 73,170
3 Qeshm Qeshm 40,678
4 Kish Bandar Lengeh 39,853
5 Rudan Rudan 36,121
6 Bandar Lengeh Bandar Lengeh 30,435
7 Hajjiabad Hajjiabad 28,977
8 Kong Bandar Lengeh 19,213
9 Parsian Parsian 18,045
10 Jask Jask 16,860

Geography and climate

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The province is primarily mountainous, consisting of the southern tip of the Zagros Range. The province experiences a very hot and humid climate, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 120 °F (49 °C) in summers. There is very little precipitation year-round.

Hormozgan today

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Hormozgan today has 11 ports, five national airports, and three international airports. The province has an active agriculture sector, ranking first in Iran in lime production and second in date production. 30% of Iran's fishery produce comes from this province. Three major hydro dams serve the water needs of the province – Esteghlal Dam (i.e., Minab Dam, which supplies major part of consuming water of the Bandar Abbas), Jegin Dam, and Shemil Dam.

Germany has recently[when?] offered to build a bridge that would connect Qeshm island to the mainland, a formidable project.

Hormozgan has two free trade zones, one in Kish, the other on Qeshm island. Kish Island, situated in a free-trade zone, is home of the Iranian oil bourse (one of five exchanges of its kind in the world, and the only one explicitly not trading oil and derivatives in U.S. dollars).

Attractions

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The Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, Hormoz Island, Iran

The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 212 sites of historical and cultural significance in the province. Some of the more popular attractions are:

Colleges and universities

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See also

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Media related to Hormozgan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Ostān-e Hormozgān
  2. ^ Separated from Jask County after the 2006 census[10]
  3. ^ Separated from Minab County after the 2006 census[11]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (16 November 2024). "Hormozgan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2022) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of Hormozgan province's national divisions centered in Bandar Abbas city. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 53/5/1/3233; Resolution 93808/T907. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  5. ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  6. ^ SCI.org[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ "Language distribution: Hormozgan Province". 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  8. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  9. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  10. ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 28 July 1387]. Divisional changes and reforms in Hormozgan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/91511. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  11. ^ Davodi, Parviz (14 April 2018) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Hormozgan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Letter 58538/T26118H; Notification 158927/T38028K. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Further reading

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  • Afshar Sistani, Iraj, Shenakht-e ostan-e Hormozgan, Tehran 2000
  • Barbera, Gerardo, "Hormozgan: Situação linguística e aspectos culturais", Âyiné. International Journal of Islamic Societies and Cultures, 1, 2013, pp. 130–147
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